Using shallow saline groundwater for irrigation and regulating for soil salt-water regime

Drought and fresh water shortage are the main limiting factorsfor sustainable development of agriculture in North China Plain.Using saline water for irrigation plays important role forovercoming the constraints and increasing crops yields. Theexploitation and utilization of shallow saline groundwaterenables to regulate the groundwater depth and to promote thetransform of precipitation into available water resources.Thispaper reviews the research and practice on the utilization ofshallow saline groundwater in the part east of South GreatCanal in Haihe River Plain. Findings are presented on the useof saline water, cycling and blending of saline and fresh waterfor irrigation, indexing of crops salt tolerances, regulating forsoil salt-water regime, saline-alkali land reclamation andgroundwater quality freshening. These approaches help therational regulation and utilization of the local water resourcesfor comprehensive control of drought, waterlogging and salinity.     

联合收获机前进速度灰色预测模糊控制系统

分析了联合收获机的工作过程,针对其工作过程中的非线性、时变、大滞后特性,提出了采用灰色预测模糊控制方法对联合收获机的前进速度进行自动控制,使其负荷保持稳定.分析了预测控制和模糊控制相结合的必要性和重要性,设计了基于灰色预测模糊控制的联合收获机前进速度控制装置,建立了灰色预测模糊控制模型,并进行了仿真和试验.仿真结果表明,运用灰色预测模糊控制算法能使控制系统的调整时间更短、超调量更小、控制性能更加优越.     

山核桃外果皮黄酮提取与纯化

采用有机溶剂萃取法提取山核桃外果皮黄酮化合物,通过单因素和正交试验确定了最佳工艺参数.结果表明,提取溶剂为体积分数70％乙醇、提取时间4h、提取温度60℃、液料比15 mL/g条件下得黄酮化合物最高提取率为1.14％.采用硅胶色谱柱层析法纯化黄酮化合物,在液固比3 mL/g的条件下,体积分数70％乙醇以2 mL/min...     

低压射流不同喷嘴参数及压力下破碎过程实验

研究了不同低压下喷头喷嘴直径和喷嘴锥角对射流破碎的影响。采用高速摄像仪对低压圆柱射流的射流核心长度和射流破碎长度进行实验,测量了不同喷嘴结构的流量、射程和末端水滴直径。结果表明:同一压力下,当喷嘴锥角不变时,随着喷嘴直径的增大,喷头流量、射程和喷头末端水滴直径都变大,射流核心长度和破碎长度均增大;当喷嘴直径不变时,随着喷嘴锥角的增大,喷头流量逐渐减小,而喷头射程呈先增大后减小趋势,喷头末端水滴直径也变大,射流核心长度逐渐减小,射流破碎长度先减小后增大。综合考虑射程和雾化效果,直径为5 mm、锥角为45°的喷嘴为最优选择。同时通过对不同Re数和We数的实验和分析,给出了适合低压喷嘴的两种射流特征长度的拟合关联式。     

联合收获机前进速度模糊控制系统多目标遗传优化

针对联合收获机前进速度模糊控制系统参数设计具有主观性,导致作业性能不理想的问题,以切纵流联合收获机样机为研究对象,构建联合收获机前进速度模糊控制系统仿真模型,并建立控制性能和收获性能的优化目标函数来衡量联合收获机的作业性能,利用多目标遗传算法对模糊控制系统的隶属函数和输送槽、割台螺旋输送器和切流滚筒对前进速度的影响因子进行优化。通过对优化前后模型仿真对比和两组田间试验数据分析,表明优化后的控制系统在受外界干扰情况下控制性能得到了较好的保持,收获性能在喂入量变化不大情况下,单位平均损失率分别由1.45%和1.26%降至1.12%和1.14%,联合收获机的总体作业性能得到改善。     

钛合金表面火焰喷焊镍基耐磨涂层的组织和性能

采用火焰喷焊技术在T i 6A l 4V合金基体上制备了镍基耐磨涂层,研究了其显微组织、合金元素的扩散、显微硬度和干摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,喷焊涂层具有韧基体加硬质相的耐磨组织;涂层横切面的组织、显微硬度和合金元素的扩散沿层深方向呈现连续性和渐变性,基体和涂层表现为冶金结合;喷焊表层的显微硬度为933.2 HV,是基体钛合金的3倍以上;涂层在不同条件下的磨损量都较小,耐磨性有较大的提高,转速和温度对其耐磨性能影响较大。     

超磁致伸缩微致动器结构优化与静态特性试验

采用超磁致伸缩材料作为微致动器的主要材料，详细阐述了超磁致伸缩微致动器的结构及性能。通过建立超磁致伸缩微致动器的2D轴对称模型，利用有限元方法对微致动器的电磁结构进行优化。试验结果表明超磁致伸缩致动器在合适的偏置磁场及预压力作用下，能达到较佳的输出电流-位移及电流-输出力响应特性。     

棉花剥壳机参数及性能的优化

在对现有棉花剥壳机改进的基础上,应用正交试验研究法对影响棉花剥壳机性能的关键参数-叶片倾角、主轴导程和主轴转速进行了优化研究,发现主轴导程为影响分离率的重要因素,叶片倾角和主轴转速为主要因素,并分析了各因素对棉花剥壳分离率的影响趋势,从而为进一步改进棉花剥壳机的参数、提高棉花剥壳机的性能提供依据.     

拖拉机色彩演变及其规律的研究

基于拖拉机色彩演变的时代划分,分析了影响拖拉机色彩演变的主要因素,提出了不同时期拖拉机主要色彩特征,总结其拖拉机色彩演变规律,为今后拖拉机色彩设计提供依据.     

Effects of Cultivars,Organic Cropping Management,and Environment on Antioxidants in Whole Grain Rice

Whole grain rice contains functional antioxidants such as phenolics, flavonoids (including proanthocyanidins), vitamin E homologs (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and γ‐oryzanol that have positive effects on human health. These antioxidants are secondary metabolites in plants that can be induced under external stress. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of cultivars, crop management method (organic and conventional), and growing environment on the concentrations of these antioxidants in whole grain rice. Cultivars and environment contributed to a higher percentage of variation in the concentrations of these antioxidants than did crop management method. Cultivars accounted for a greater proportion of the variation than environment for all traits except total tocotrienols and γ‐oryzanol. Cultivars that are high in concentrations of these antioxidants were identified, but no one cultivar contained the highest concentration of all antioxidants evaluated. These cultivar differences indicate that improvement for phytochemical and antioxidant traits can be accomplished through traditional breeding. Because of the limited effect of crop management on these antioxidants, choice of cultivar should be the focus for organic production of whole grain rice high in these antioxidants.